Sandfly Maxadilan Exacerbates Infection withLeishmania majorand Vaccinating Against It Protects AgainstL. majorInfection

Sandfly maxadilan exacerbates infection with Leishmania major and vaccinating against it protects against L. major infection.

Bloodfeeding arthropods transmit many of the world's most serious infectious diseases. Leishmania are transmitted to their mammalian hosts when an infected sandfly probes in the skin for a bloodmeal and injects the parasite mixed with its saliva. Arthropod saliva contains molecules that affect blood flow and modulate the immune response of the host. Indeed, sandfly saliva markedly enhances the ...

Sandfly Maxadilan Exacerbates Infection

Vaccinating Thai adolescents against hepatitis A: is it cost-effective?

Hepatitis A infection is a common disease in tropical countries, including Thailand. Hepatitis A vaccination of children and adolescents has been recommended by many countries. We performed a cost-benefit analysis in order to determine the best strategy for Thailand. Three strategies were tested: a) no intervention; b) vaccination without screening; c) vaccination after screening. A review of t...

Vaccinating welders against pneumonia.

BACKGROUND In 2011, the Department of Health in England recommended that welders should each receive a single dose of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23). AIMS To assess the evidence behind the advice and its practical implications. METHODS The review was informed by a systematic search in Medline, which related pneumonia to welding and/or exposure to metal fume, and w...

Yeast Protects Against Bacterial Infection

Since 1940 when we began a study of sensitization in laboratory animals treated with pertussis vaccine we have emphasized the role of the bacterial protein in this phenomenon. Considerable information has been accumulated which indicates that vaccination with Hemnophilus pertussis, while increasing resistance against infection by the same organism will, at the same time, produce hypersensitivit...